A target tracking method and apparatus is provided. The target tracking apparatus includes a memory configured to store a neural network, and a processor configured to extract feature information of each of a target included in a target region in a first input image, a background included in the target region, and a searching region in a second input image, using the neural network, obtain similarity information of the target and the searching region and similarity information of the background and the searching region based on the extracted feature information, obtain a score matrix including activated feature values based on the obtained similarity information, and estimate a position of the target in the searching region from the score matrix.