A monitoring device that monitors a network to which a plurality of terminal devices establishing a connection based on TCP are connected, includes: a request detection unit that detects a connection establishment request that a terminal device becoming a client sends to another terminal device becoming a server; an available bandwidth calculation unit that calculates an available bandwidth by subtracting a current amount of traffic from an allowable communication capacity, for each communication path identified by the connection establishment request detected by the request detection unit; and a setting command unit that, when the available bandwidth calculated by the available bandwidth calculation unit is larger than a preset value, transmits a command that sets the client to enlarge a congestion window to a predetermined value, regardless of presence or absence of an acknowledgement sent by the server.