A method includes: performing semantic segmentation on an RGBD image to obtain a semantic label of each pixel of the image; performing reconstruction of a point cloud based on the image and mapping the semantic label of each pixel of the image into the point cloud to respectively obtain a semantic point cloud of a current frame with the semantic labels and a three-dimensional scene semantic map with the semantic labels; generating two-dimensional discrete semantic feature points for each of three-dimensional semantic point clouds in the current frame and the semantic map to obtain a corresponding two-dimensional semantic feature point image, and performing a three-dimensional semantic feature description on each feature point in the two-dimensional semantic feature point image; and performing feature matching on all feature points in the current frame and all feature points in the semantic map to obtain positioning information based on the three-dimensional semantic feature description.