A substrate including a base substrate and first to fourth identification codes on the base substrate, wherein the substrate is one of a plurality of substrates at a row ‘c’ and a column ‘d’ in a (b)th strip of an (a)th panel, where ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ and ‘d’ are natural numbers, the plurality of substrates being included in the (b)th strip of the (a)th panel, the first identification code includes information on the ‘a’, the second identification code includes information on the ‘b’, the third identification code includes information on the ‘c’, and the fourth identification code includes information on the ‘d’, may be provided.