Provided is an electrode structure including a first electrode pattern including a plurality of electrode fingers extending in one direction; and a second electrode pattern which is provided between the plurality of electrode fingers provided in the first electrode pattern to form an interdigitated pattern with the first electrode pattern, wherein a fringe field is generated between the first electrode pattern and the second electrode pattern to regulate growth of a biofilm which is provided on the surface of at least one of the first electrode pattern and the second electrode pattern.