The present invention relates to a high-strength cold-rolled enamel steel sheet and a method of manufacturing same, the enamel steel sheet comprising, in weight %, C:0.01-0.1%, Mn:0.05-0.4%, Si:0.001-0.03%, Al:0.03-0.12%, P:0.02-0.04%, S:0.001-0.02%, Cu: 0.03-0.08%, Mo:0.13-0.30%, N: 0.004% or less, 0:0.003% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the high-strength cold-rolled enamel steel sheet has an oxide layer with a thickness of 0.006-0.030 μm formed in an inward direction from the surface thereof and satisfies formulas (1) and (2), and thus has no bubble defects and excellent fish scale resistance and enamel adhesion after enamel treatment.