An artificial neural network includes a unit cell. The unit cell includes a first binary two-dimensional convolution layer configured to receive an input tensor and to generate a first tensor. A first batch normalization layer is configured to receive the first tensor and to generate a second tensor. A concatenation layer is configured to generate a third tensor by concatenating the input tensor and the second tensor. A second binary two-dimensional convolution layer is configured to receive the third tensor and to generate a fourth tensor. A second batch normalization layer is configured to generate an output tensor based on the fourth tensor.