A method of analyzing a plaque tissue component based on deep learning, the method including: extracting a plurality of first intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) cross-sectional images into which a first IVUS image that is a preprocedural IVUS image of a patient is divided at predetermined intervals; labeling each of the plurality of first IVUS cross-sectional images by using label indices corresponding to plaque tissue components to form labeled images, performing image conversion to obtain a polar coordinate image through which a distribution of tissue components for each angle is identifiable by performing a coordinate transformation based on the labeled images, extracting a label vector for each angle based on the polar coordinate image, and outputting output data obtained by quantifying the tissue components for each angle by using an artificial intelligence model that is trained by using, as training data, the label vector for each angle.