Computer processing techniques are described for augmenting computed tomography (CT) images with synthetic artifacts for artificial intelligence (AI) applications. According to an example, a computer-implemented method can include generating, by a system comprising a processor, synthetic artifact data corresponding to one or more CT image artifacts, wherein the synthetic artifact data comprises anatomy agnostic synthetic representations of the one or more CT image artifacts. The method further includes generating, by the system, augmented CT images comprising the one or more CT image artifacts using the synthetic artifact data. In one or more examples, the method can further include training, by the system, a medical image inferencing model to perform an inferencing task using the augmented CT images as training images.