A signal decision equalization method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: obtaining an input signal; determining a decision circuit of the input signal; obtaining a first group of decision thresholds and a first group of equalization expectations of the decision circuit; determining a decision value of the input signal based on the first group of equalization expectations, the first group of decision thresholds, and the input signal, and outputting the decision value; updating, based on the decision value and the input signal, a first equalization expectation that is in the first group of equalization expectations and that corresponds to the decision value to a second equalization expectation to obtain a second group of equalization expectations; and updating at least one decision threshold in the first group of decision thresholds based on the second equalization expectation to obtain a second group of decision thresholds.