The present disclosure includes a test device for gas and temperature distribution in a goaf, comprising a gas temperature tester configured to analyze gas detection signals and temperature detection signals. In some examples, the test device comprises a gas pump coupled to the gas temperature tester and a connector coupled to the gas pump at an end opposite the gas temperature tester. The test device may comprise a wire spool rotatably coupled to the connector and a cable configured to wind on the wire spool. According to some examples, the cable comprises a test end located on a first end of the wire spool and buried in the goaf. The cable may comprise an output end located on a second end of the wire spool, the second end opposite the first end.