The voltage sampling apparatus includes a differential circuit, a voltage division circuit, and a first calibration switch. A first output end of the differential circuit and an input end of a first voltage division branch of the voltage division circuit are connected to one end of the first calibration switch. A second output end of the differential circuit and an input end of a second voltage division branch of the voltage division circuit are connected to the other end of the first calibration switch. When the first calibration switch is in an on state, the differential circuit is configured to input a target signal to the first voltage division branch and the second voltage division branch that are connected in parallel.