A control device is provided for a human-powered vehicle that includes a suspension and an operation detector detecting a first parameter correlated to a predetermined operation performed by a rider on the human-powered vehicle. The operation detector includes an acceleration sensor provided on at least one of a wheel axle of the human-powered vehicle and a portion of the human-powered vehicle closer to the wheel axle than a moving portion of the suspension. The first parameter includes acceleration in a fore-aft direction of the human-powered vehicle. The control device includes an electronic controller. The electronic controller is configured to determine the predetermined operation based on the acceleration in the fore-aft direction. The predetermined operation includes at least one of a first operation in which the rider pushes a handlebar of the human-powered vehicle and a second operation in which the rider pulls the handlebar.