The present disclosure provides an acoustic metamaterial-based muffler for exhaust noise reduction, including an exhaust flow body that is provided with an inlet through which exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine flows in on one side, and an outlet through which the exhaust gas flows out on the other side, and a flow passage for guiding a movement of the exhaust gas therein; and a plurality of noise reduction units that are sequentially disposed along a discharge direction of the exhaust gas inside the exhaust flow body to reduce noise in a specific frequency band in exhaust noise of the exhaust gas caused by the movement of the exhaust gas on the inside of the exhaust flow body.