A method and a device for identification management and optimized forwarding in a large-scale polymorphic network, the method comprising the follow steps: S1, constructing a polymorphic backbone network; S2, modality identification management; S3, determining a modality to be forwarded; S4, configuring a flow table for a switching node; S5, receiving a packet by a balanced distributor, and preliminarily parsing the type of the packet; S6, parsing key field information in the packet, determining the switching nodes to be allocated according to the key field information, and transmitting the key field information to the corresponding switching node; S7, the switching node matching the stored flow table according to the key field information to determine a correct forwarding action.