A gel particle-containing discontinuous phase seepage experimental apparatus includes a micro-liquid volume injection system, a pressure acquisition and transmission system, a microscopic observation system, and an in-microchannel particle screening and transfer system. According to the established discontinuous phase seepage experimental apparatus, particle sizes of gel particles are accurately screened by using a customized microfluidic chip, and transfer forms, existing states, pressure fluctuations, and the like of gel particles in a single-channel microfluidic chip under the conditions of different sizes, different elastic modulus, and different quantities are monitored in real-time by using a high-precision pressure sensing system and a microscopic observation system.