An electronic device and operation method thereof for controlling a black box mounted in a vehicle are provided. The electronic device includes determining an operating mode of the black box to be a sleep mode in a state that an engine of the vehicle is turned off, transmitting, by using an ultra-wideband (UWB) communication module, a UWB signal to an object located in a vicinity of the vehicle and receiving a UWB signal from the object, identifying, based on the received UWB signal, whether the object is a device of a driver of the vehicle, and determining, based on a result of the identifying, whether to switch the operating mode of the black box from the sleep mode to an activation mode.