A data processing system in embodiments of this application includes a storage layer, a virtual bus, and a service layer. The storage layer includes a plurality of storage devices, and the service layer includes a plurality of services. The storage device and/or service may write registration information into the virtual bus after registration, and the registered storage device or service may discover another device or service. Data may move between the storage devices, between the storage devices and the services, and between the services through the virtual bus. In this way, the plurality of devices can discover and communicate with each other when the devices are not directly connected to each other.