The invention discloses an energy self-control base station for battery replacement based on solar power supply with independent UAV take-off and landing, which comprises a UAV take-off and landing device, an automatic battery replacement device and an energy supply device. The foldable solar panel structure is driven by a motor. The invention has simple structure and is convenient for automatic battery replacement. The UAV damage caused by UAV position deviation is effectively avoided when the platform descends. The invention adopts an electric mechanical claw to cooperate with a liftable battery compartment, so as to automatically replace UAV batteries. After the electric mechanical claw is aligned with the predetermined position, the batteries can be grasped and placed by lifting the battery compartment or the annular lifting platform, which simplifies the mechanical structure of the automatic battery replacement device.