A touch layer includes an effective touch structure and a plurality of virtual touch portions. The effective touch structure includes a plurality of first touch bars extending substantially in a same direction, and a plurality of second touch bars extending substantially in a same direction; the plurality of first touch bars cross and are insulated from the plurality of second touch bars; the effective touch structure has a plurality of dummy regions that are non-overlapping with, in a thickness direction of the touch layer, both the plurality of first touch bars and the plurality of second touch bars; in the plurality of virtual touch portions, each virtual touch portion is insulated from both the plurality of first touch bars and the plurality of second touch bars, and at least one virtual touch portion is located in a dummy region.