An electronic device according to various embodiments of the disclosure may include: a communication module, comprising communication circuitry, configured to perform wireless communication with a network, at least one microphone configured to collect a sound signal, at least one speaker configured to output the sound signal, and at least one processor, comprising processing circuitry, operatively connected to the at least one microphone and the at least one speaker. At least one processor, individually and/or collectively, may be configured to: perform a call connection with an external electronic device through a network using the communication module, process a first sound signal corresponding to a sound signal input from the external electronic device and received through the network, and output the processed first sound signal through the at least one speaker, detect the first sound signal output through the at least one speaker, through the microphone to generate a second sound signal. At least one processor, individually and/or collectively, may compare an energy level of a frequency band equal to or below a reference frequency in the first sound signal with an energy level of a frequency band equal to or below the reference frequency in the second sound signal, and based on a result of the comparison, determine spatial information corresponding to a space in which the electronic device is located.