The invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. The invention also relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. The inventors investigate the role and specific contribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer environment. The inventors demonstrate that CSF1-associated EVs induce macrophage signature associated with T cell infiltration and extended patient survival. The inventors demonstrate that via specific extracellular vesicles, these tumors promote pro-inflammatory macrophages correlated with better clinical outcome and a better prognosis in TNBC patients. In the present invention, the inventors provide in vitro evidences towards a direct role of CSF1-associated EVs as tools, alone or with other immuno-therapies, to promote anti-tumor immune responses. Thus, the present invention relates to CSF1-associated EVs, their use in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, and their targeting in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases.