A renewable material-based furandicarboxylic acid (Bio-FDCA) coating material of a polyurethane controlled release fertilizer is prepared by performing cross-linking reaction between at least one polyester polyol and at least one isocyanate, wherein the polyester polyol is made from the Bio-FDCA. Moreover, a method for preparing a polyurethane controlled release fertilizer includes by spraying the coating material on a surface of granular fertilizer, forming a layer of film after cross-linking in situ on the surface of the granular fertilizer, so as to obtain the polyurethane controlled release fertilizer. In the present invention, it is the first time to introduce the furan ring structure into the coating material of the polyurethane controlled release fertilizer, and the Bio-FDCA is taken as the source of the furan ring structure.