The invention discloses an integrated broadband energy collecting and sensing device for a rod-cable structure, belonging to a piezoelectric vibration energy collecting and sensing field, which solves a problem that an existing piezoelectric energy harvester does not fully collect environmental multi-directional vibration energy. The device comprises an inner layer sleeve, an outer layer sleeve, a first piezoelectric thin film sensor, a self-powered module and a control communication module. The self-powered module comprises one or more vibrator groups. Each vibrator group comprises a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators arranged in sequence along a circumferential direction of the inner layer sleeve. The vibrator group collects vibration energy in any direction in a cross section of the sleeve. An inner surface of the outer layer sleeve is provided with a plurality of amplitude limiting blocks for protecting the piezoelectric vibrator during a severe vibration.