A data storage system includes: a server, a client and a control end; the control end is configured to generate a configuration file, and send the configuration file to the client and the server; the client is configured to generate an encapsulation rule based on the configuration file, generate a storage request, perform encapsulation on the storage request to obtain a message packet, and send the message packet to the server; the server is configured to generate an extraction unit and an action unit based on the configuration file, analyze the message packet to obtain the target information, write the target information into each extraction unit, read action information and determine an action unit matching the action information as a target action unit, and execute the storage actions corresponding to the target action unit to store byte stream data of the target information.