The present invention provides an electronic device support mechanism that ensures heat dissipation capability for an electronic device mounted on a construction machine, and a construction machine including the electronic device support mechanism. The electronic device support mechanism of the present invention includes a housing 21 that is disposed with a space adjacent to a lower structural object on a back side of a seat in an operating cab 2 of a construction machine and in which an electronic device is housed, and one or more side wall parts 29 of the housing 21 and a lower wall part 22 of the housing 21 are each provided with one selected from among a vent 43 and a fan 42.