Provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are a data transmission method and apparatus, and a storage medium and an electronic apparatus. The method includes: synchronization information is sent to an Optical Network Unit (ONU) by an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), so as to allow the ONU to set a function synchronous with the OLT based on the synchronization information; and target management information is encapsulated into a target frame, and the target frame is sent to the ONU on a time slot in which the target frame is allowed to be sent by the OLT.