A method of manufacturing thermoplastic duplication plates having a relief image transcribed thereto from a matrix which has a relief pattern in complemental relation to the transcribed relief image. To this end, a thermoplastic resin sheet is fed onto a rotating cylinder heated to a predetermined temperature and is then transported towards a transcription station carried by the rotating cylinder while it clings to the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder. At the transcription station, the thermoplastic resin sheet then heated to a semi-fluidized state is registered or aligned with the matrix being moved in a linear direction substantially tangential to the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder. During passage through the transcription station, the thermoplastic resin sheet is transferred onto the matrix with the material penetrating deep into indentations in the matrix. Therefore, the thermoplastic resin sheet is cooled and subsequently separated from the matrix, thereby completing the thermoplastic duplication plate.