A fibrous structure having a roughened surface and a process for producing the same are disclosed. Upon dying, the fibrous structure is greatly improved in color depth. In addition, it gives one a more scrooping feeling than silk does.The fibrous structure has surface irregularities whose structure is such that the distance between the adjacent projections is 0.01 to 0.7 micrometer and the area of the concave portions is 0.1 to 0.8 square micrometer in 1 square micrometer of the irregularities.The fibrous structure is produced by the steps of attaching fine particles to the fiber surface in an amount of 0.001 to 10 wt % based on the fiber, said fine particles having an average primary particle diameter smaller than 0.5 micrometer and being more inert than the fiber-constituting polymer base material to low-temperature plasma, and subjecting the fiber, to which said fine particles have been attached, to low-temperature plasma, thereby forming projections which are larger than the average primary particle diameter.