A process for producing a powder of microcapsules characterized by adding an aldehyde resin precondensate to a microcapsule dispersion prepared in water or a hydrophilic medium with use of a water-soluble high molecular compound as an emulsifier, maintaining the resulting mixture in a condition for promoting polycondensation of the precondensate, and removing the dispersing medium from the reaction mixture, and a process for producing a powder of microcapsules characterized by emulsifying a hydrophobic core material containing a specific oil-soluble melamine-formaldehyde resin precondensate in water or a hydrophilic medium, subjecting the emulsion to a condition for promoting polycondensation to form capsule wall films and obtain a microcapsule dispersion, and thereafter removing the dispersing medium from the dispersion are disclosed.Further, processes for producing a non-aqueous microcapsule composition are also disclosed.