Device for purifying liquid metal coolant for a fast neutron nuclear reactor, comprising a pump (6) for circulating the liquid metal, the metal then being purified and heated after purification, as well as a filter (24) of metallic fibers. It consists of an assembly of annular chambers with a vertical axis, closed at their lower part by a base plate (10) and defined and separated from each other by an assembly of coaxial cylindrical metallic shells. The device comprises, from the exterior inwards, a degassing chamber (12), a chamber enclosing an economizer-exchanger (14, 16), a thermal insulation wall (18), a cooling chamber (20) and a purifying chamber (22) in the central part of which is a filter cartridge (24). In the central part of the cartridge (24) is a channel (25) for collecting the purified liquid metal in communication with a basin (44) for collecting the purified liquid metal rising above the device. The invention applies, in particular, to fast neutron nuclear reactors of an integrated type, cooled with liquid sodium.