An anti-slip control device for a drive wheel of a vehicle, for preventing an excessive amount of slip of the drive wheel during acceleration of the vehicle, by lowering a speed of the drive wheel when the amount of slip of the drive wheel exceeds a predetermined value. The control device includes a target-speed determining device for determining a target speed of the drive wheel based on a detected speed of the vehicle and the detected speed of the drive wheel. The control device further includes an uphill-road determining device for determining whether the vehicle is on an uphill road, and a low-speed detecting device for detecting that a detected running speed of the vehicle is lower than a predetermined threshold value. If the vehicle is on an uphill road and the vehicle speed is lower than the threshold value, the target speed determining device is operated in an uphill-road mode such that the determined target speed is lower than that determined in a flat-road mode.