A metal-based composite includes a metal matrix including aluminum as a major component, discontinuous alumina fibers buried in the metal matrix, mullite particles buried therein, and solid lubricant particles buried therein. The solid lubricant particles can be either graphite particles with a nickel layer formed on a surface thereof, or boron nitride cermet particles. By thus including the specific solid lubricant particles, the wear resistance of the metal-based composite can be improved, the wear of its mating parts can be reduced, and the friction coefficient between the metal-based composite and the mating parts can be inhibited from fluctuating. Hence, the metal-based composite can appropriately make aluminum-based internal combustion engines.