An aqueous coating composition includes: an inorganic particulate substance whose surface is modified with a silane coupling agent having at least one functional group selected from a group consisting of vinyl group, (meth)acryloyl group, epoxy group, and amino group; and an aqueous resin having a functional group which is reactive with the functional group of the silane coupling agent. The aqueous coating composition has excellent storage stability, pigment dispersion, coloring property, adhesion to various substrates, and printing properties, and can be used for various applications, such as printing ink, coating materials, adhesives, fiber treatment agents, surface treatment agents, and the like.