The present invention provides a novel, optionally surfactant-free process for controlling particle number, particle size, and/or particle size distribution. The method of the invention also significantly improves monomer to polymer conversion rates, as well as, increases the level of polymer solids which can be emulsified/dispersed in water without polymer flocculation. Specifically, the improved process provides an aqueous dispersion of up to about 48% polymer solids in water in the absence of surfactant. The resulting fluoropolymers dispersions may be used in resin and coating applications.