An integrated circuit data processing structure and method for performing a discrete cosine transform (DCT) makes the correspondence between a table f(x,y) of N.times.N data and a table F(u,v) of N.times.N coefficients according to the following relation: ##EQU1## The innovative structure uses: a memory containing a data table;a memory of the productsP=.vertline.cos[n(x,u).pi./2N].multidot.cos[n(y,v).pi./2N].vertline., with:p(x,u)=Sgn[p(x,u)].multidot..vertline.cos[n(x,u).pi./2N].vertline.p(y,v)=Sgn[p(y,v)].multidot..vertline.cos[n(y,v).pi./2N].vertline.where n(x,u) and n(y,v) are integers ranging from 1 to N-1;a table of the signs of p(x,u) and p(y,v) and values of n(x,u) and n(y,v) addressing the product memory (3);a coordinate generator sequentially providing value pair (u,v) and, for each pair (u,v), all the values of pair (x,y);a multiplier calculating the product of P by a data combination of the data memory; andan accumulator of the results of the multiplication.