A motion vector detection apparatus is disclosed, including: a quantizer for receiving a value of reference pixel and value of pixel to be detected, detecting their maximum values and minimum values, and determining a quantization level using the detected maximum values and minimum values, to quantize the value of reference pixel and value of pixel to be detected; a plurality of processing units for receiving data outputted from the quantizer, and calculating a motion vector, the processing units being connected to the output terminal of the quantizer in parallel; and a minimum value detector for receiving data outputted from the processing units and detecting its minimum value, the minimum value detector being connected to the output terminal of the processing units. The present invention constructs the processing units simply according to the quantization of data using the quantizer, to increase the integration of the processing units in a single chip, improving the processing speed.