The invention relates to a novel method for analyzing the composition of an mRNA sample and analyzing differential gene expression using two differently labeled primers, and to the use of the method. In the method for analyzing an RNA sample, a) a first primer, which is, where appropriate, labeled with a first dye, is used to prepare the first strand of a complementary DNA sample or cDNA sample from an RNA sample, b) a second primer, which is preferably labeled with a second dye, is used to prepare the second strand of this cDNA sample, c) the first primer, which is labeled with a first dye, and the second primer, which is labeled with a second dye, are used to amplify the cDNA sample, and d) the composition of the amplified, labeled cDNA sample is analyzed.