The invented process produces hydrogen peroxide by reacting a primary or secondary alcohol with oxygen in the presence of an imide compound of the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 and R2 is, identical to or different from each other, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an acyl group, where R1 and R2 may be combined to form a double bond, or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring; X is an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group, where one or two N-substituted cyclic imido groups indicated in the formula (1) may be further bonded to the R1, R2, or to the double, bond or aromatic or non-aromatic ring formed together by R1 and R2, to yield hydrogen peroxide. According to the process, hydrogen peroxide can be easily and efficiently obtained from readily available materials.