The present invention aims at providing an optical amplifying apparatus constituted by combining Raman amplifiers, in which deterioration of a signal/noise ratio of output light is prevented to thereby improve the transmission characteristic of signal light, and an optical communication system utilizing such an optical amplifying apparatus. To this end, the optical amplifying apparatus according to the present invention comprises: first optical amplifying means for supplying excitation light to a Raman amplifying medium to thereby Raman amplify signal light; second optical amplifying means for amplifying the signal light output from the first optical amplifying means; and controlling means for controlling an operating state of the first optical amplifying means or the second optical amplifying means, so that a signal/noise ratio of the signal light to be output from the second optical amplifying means is kept substantially constant. The controlling means obtains a signal/noise ratio concerning an output light from the second optical amplifying means, based on a noise light component due to Raman amplification calculated in accordance with Raman excitation light power and to signal information in a preceding stage optical amplifying apparatus, and a noise light component calculated in accordance with input light power into the second optical amplifying means and to the signal information in the preceding stage optical amplifying apparatus, to control, for example, output setting levels of the first and second optical amplifying means, so that the obtained signal/noise ratio is kept substantially constant irrespective of the number of channel wavelengths of the signal light.