A novel soybean cultivar, designated 0120284, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 0120284, to the plants of soybean 0120284 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 0120284 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 0120284 with another soybean cultivar.