Interferometer for measuring a phase difference between a reference beam (37) and an object beam (36′) transformed by an optical element (10), comprising light source means (2), an optical device (3) and detection means (4) in a detection plane (34). The optical device (3) comprises a first light conductor (30) having a first output surface (31) that generates an object beam (36) having a spherical wave front and a second light conductor (32) having a second output surface (33) that generates a reference beam (37) having a spherical wave front, directed onto the detection plane (34), wherein the set-up of the first light conductor (30) and the optical element (10) is such that the transformed object beam (36′) interferes with the reference beam (37) in the detection plane (34).