This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing herbal ingredients for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and more particularly, to the antidiabetic composition comprising 1) 15 herbal ingredients (i.e., Shinseng Radix, Coptis Rhizoma, Ligustri Fructus Semen, Salix spp. Cortex, Rhei coreani Rhizoma, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, Salviae Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, Lycii Cortex Radicis, Reynoutriae Radix, Platycodi Radix, Astragali Radix, Puerariae Radix, Atractylis Rhizoma, and Morus alba Radix Cortex), 2) vitamins such as B1 and B6, and 3) zinc, manganese, chromium, germanium as inorganic materials. The antidiabetic herbal composition of this invention for the prevention and treatment of diabetes serves to lower the glucose level in diabetic patients and prevent the destruction of beta-cell in the pancreas, while increasing insulin secretion based on the mechanism of recovering the function of damaged beta-cell. Further, the antidiabetic herbal composition of this invention is quite effective in the treatment of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes and non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes, since it shows the constant therapeutic effect due to better stability of therapeutic effect among individual patients.