In the control system for a turbo-charged diesel aircraft engine, the engine speed and the fuel injection amount are controlled by a single control lever in such a manner that the engine speed and the fuel injection amount maintain a predetermined fixed relationship in which the fuel injection amount is always smaller than a smoke limit amount. The control system further includes a boost compensator, that restricts the fuel injection amount to a value less than a boost pressure fuel limit determined by the boost pressure of the engine, and an altitude compensator that restricts the fuel injection amount to the value less than an altitude fuel limit.