The present invention provides a photopolymerizable composition containing a polymerizable compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, a compound represented by the following general formula (I), and a radical generating agent capable of generating a radical by interacting with the compound represented by the following general formula (I). General Formula (I); In the general formula (I), R1, R2, and R3 each individually represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; R4 represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of: a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, and a heterocyclic group; Z1 represents a substituent necessary for allowing the compound represented by the general formula (I) to become a dye; and X− represents a group capable of forming an anion. The invention also provides a recording material in which a recording layer containing the photopolymerizable composition is provided on a support.