A positive-type image-forming material and a planographic printing plate precursor having a recording layer composed of the material on a support. The material includes (a) a water-insoluble, aqueous alkaline solution-soluble polymer compound, (b) a light-heat converting agent, and (c) a phenol including a partial structure represented by the following formula (I). Solubility of the material in an aqueous alkaline solution is increased upon heating. In the formula (I), X represents a monovalent terminal group having 2 or more carbon atoms or a linking group of —CY1Y2— or —CHY1— in which Y1 and Y2 each represent a monovalent terminal group having 1 or more carbon atoms, W represents a monovalent terminal group, and n represents an integer from 1 to 4.