Target valuations for company stocks are produced based on the strength and quality of their technology. The valuations are derived from a combination of indicators that measure the quality of companies' patented technology, and their commitment to research and development. Indicators may include citation indicators that measure the impact of companies' patents on later technological developments, the strength of the link between companies' patents and scientific research, the speed at which companies innovate, and the proportion of companies' sales spent on research and development. The technology-based valuation may be used to identify investment opportunities in the stock market.