The invention provides an alignment film that is provided with a high alignment control force to a target molecule and less likely to cause problems to an element during the formation of the alignment film. An alignment film has a configuration in which, on a first alignment layer, a second alignment film layer that is uniform in the in-plane anisotropy more than the first alignment film thereof and aligned along surface alignment of the first alignment film. The first alignment film layer can be formed of, for instance, a polyimide film whose rubbing density is 200 or less, and the second alignment film layer can be formed by use of an ion deposition method with an acryl monomers as a deposition material. A liquid crystal device provided with the alignment film like this becomes higher in the alignment control force to a liquid crystal.