In a method of forming a colored layer on a microlens substrate according to the present invention, a colored layer 4 is formed on troughs 32 between adjacent microlenses 3 by applying a liquid 42 for forming a colored layer 4 with fluidity onto the side of the microlens substrate 1 where the microlenses 3 are provided, and then hardening the applied liquid 42 to form a colored layer 4 in the troughs 32. A colored dispersion liquid in which a dispersoid is dispersed in a dispersion medium is suitably used as the liquid 42. It is preferable that the liquid 42 for forming a colored layer 4 has a coefficient of viscosity of 500 cP or less at a temperature of 25° C.