An optical element includes an optical section having at least one of an emission section and a photodetection section, a sealing member that surrounds at least a part of the optical section through an internal space, an electrode that is electrically connected to the optical section, a conductive member that is contained in the sealing member and conductively connected to the electrode, a substrate that is disposed opposite to an optical surface provided at the optical section, and a wiring that is formed on the substrate and conductively connected to the conductive member, wherein the optical surface is at least one of a plane of light emission and a plane of light incidence.